Water Temperature Protocol

The purpose of this resource is to measure the temperature of a water sample. Students use an alcohol-filled thermometer or meter to measure the temperature of water. The meter requires calibration before use; the accuracy of the thermometer needs to be checked before use. Educational levels: Primary elementary, Intermediate elementary, Middle school, High school

The effect of water turbidity on the near-surface water temperature of larval habitats of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Water temperature is an important determinant in many aquatic biological processes, including the growth and development of malaria mosquito (Anopheles arabiensis and A. gambiae) immatures. Water turbidity affects water temperature, as suspended particles in a water column absorb and scatter sunlight and hence determine the extinction of solar radiation. To get a better understanding of the relationship between water turbidity and water temperature, a series of semi-natural larval habitats (diameter 0.32 m, water depth 0.16 m) with increasing water turbidity was created. Here we show that at midday (1300 hours) the upper water layer (thickness of 10 mm) of the water pool with the highest turbidity was on average 2.8 degrees C warmer than the same layer of the clearest water pool. Suspended soil particles increase the water temperature and furthermore change the temperature dynamics of small water collections during daytime, exposing malaria mosquito larvae, which live in the top water layer, longer to higher temperatures

KINETIKA PEMBAKARAN BRIKET ARANG ENCENG GONDOK

To overcome the problem needs an alternative fuel that is then taken for processing combustion water hyacinth water hyacinth into charcoal briquettes. This research aims to study the reaction kinetics of combustion of charcoal briquettes on the basis of accelerated depreciation of water hyacinth water hyacinth charcoal briquettes with various varioabel temperature and time to obtain the constant burning. This research was done by adding a binary solution in the form of starch with a concentration of 20% on charcoal water hyacinth which has a particle size 40 mesh, weighing 30 grams, then pressed and dried. Once dried water hyacinth dirimbang Charcoal briquettes and burned at a temperature of 200 oC, 250 oC, 300 oC, 350 oC and 400 oC until reaching constant weight. The results obtained by the heating value of water hyacinth charcoal briquettes at 5673 cal / garm, 30.002% ash content with 0.0475 MPa compressive strength. Combustion reaction rate constant of water hyacinth briquettes obtained at temperature of 200 ° C is 0.1230, the temperature of 250 ° C is 0.1680, a temperature of 300 ° C is 0.2364, the temperature of 350 ° C is 0.3782, and the temperature of 400 ° C is 0.4804. Frequency factor (Ko) of 0.9401 / h and the activation energy of 4445.9125 cal / mol L Then it can be concluded in this study the reaction takes place on the order of one. Key words: accelerated depreciation of water hyacinth charcoal briquettes, rioabel temperature and time to obtain the constant burnin

A simplified model to predict diurnal water temperature dynamics in a shallow tropical water pool

Water temperature is a critical regulator in the growth and development of malaria mosquito immatures, as they are poikilothermic. Measuring or estimating the diurnal temperature ranges to which these immatures are exposed is of the utmost importance, as these immatures will develop into adults that can transmit malaria. Recent attempts to predict the daily water temperature dynamics in mosquito breeding sites in Kenya have been successful. However, the developed model may be too complex, as the sophisticated equipment that was used for detailed meteorological observations is not widely distributed in Africa, making it difficult to predict the daily water temperature dynamics on a local scale. Therefore, we compared two energy budget models with earlier made observations of the daily water temperature dynamics in a small, shallow and clear water pool (diameter 0.96 m, depth 0.32 m) in Kenya. This paper describes (1) a complex 1-Dimensional model, and (2) a simplified second model, and (3) shows that both models mimic the water temperature dynamics in the water pool accurately. The latter model has the advantage that it only needs common weather data (air temperature, air humidity, wind speed and cloud cover) to estimate the diurnal temperature dynamics in breeding sites of African malari

Monitoring changes in skin temperature associated with exercise in horses on a water treadmill by use of infrared thermography

Infrared thermography (IRT) was used to assess surface temperature change as an indirect measure of muscle activity and exercise associated changes in blood flow in the working hind limb muscles of horses (n¼7) undergoing water tread mill exercise. Three treatments were investigated including the treadmill ran dry (TD), water at the height of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) and water at the height of the carpus (CP). Maximum skin surface temperature was recorded from the region of these mitendinosus muscle during exercise at each water height. There was a significant difference in surface hind limb temperature between exercise on the water treadmill ran dry and with water at the height of the PIP and CP (Po0.0001) with hotter temperatures recorded during the TD treatment. There was a greater increase in surface temperature of the hind limbs from preexercise to maximum temperature during the PIP and CP treatments when compared to the TD treatment, however, this was not significant (P¼0.58). There was no significant difference in surface hind limb temperature found between exercise in water at the height of the PIP and water at the height of the CP. The findings from this study suggest that IRT is able to non-invasively detect muscle activity and associated changes in blood flow whilst horses are exercised on a water treadmill. IRT could potentially be used as an alternative method to assess muscle activity and temperature change in an aquatic environment where existing methods present methodological challenges

Measured Water Temperature Characteristics in a Pipeline Distribution System

YesThis paper describes the design, development, deployment and performance assessment of a prototype system for monitoring the 'health' of a water distribution network based on the temperature distribution and time-dependent variations in temperature across the network. It has been found that the water temperature can reveal unusual events in a water distribution network, indicated by dynamic variations in spatial temperature differential. Based on this indication it is shown how patterns of changes in the water temperature can be analysed using AQUIS pipeline distribution software and used in conjunction with hydraulic (e.g. flow and pressure) sensors to indicate the state of ¿health¿ of the network during operation